Paul Krugman argues the USMCA is fundamentally sound and that trade deficits with Canada and Mexico are not a real problem. He advocates for a customs union with free movement of goods, stating the real trade challenge is with China, not North American partners. He emphasizes predictability over tariff levels.

Shannon O'Neil emphasizes the strength of the North American auto industry as a regional system. She argues the US is very dependent on Canada and Mexico as export markets and that the USMCA is critical for maintaining competitiveness. She highlights the need for a 'Fortress North America' approach to counter China.

Kelly Ann Shaw argues the USMCA needs aggressive renegotiation to address trade deficits and bolster domestic industry. She emphasizes stricter rules of origin, domestic content requirements, and limiting Chinese inputs. She sees the current situation as unsustainable and advocates for a deal that creates a more robust North America.